The Beatitudes

The Sermon on the Mount is in Matthew 5-7. While it should be read as a whole, there are distinct sections within it. The first section is known as 'The Beatitudes'. I've put a copy of that text at the bottom of this.

The Beatitudes is a collection of statements, with the phrase 'blessed are...' being repeated. The people who Jesus say are blessed (or will be blessed) are the opposite of what we would call 'succesful'. Success is commonly held to mean wealthy, influential, comfortable. Instead, Jesus focuses on those who are enlightened, generous, vulnerable, dissatisfied. It's easy to say that the Beatitudes is a good list of what it is to be 'good' and that we all should try to be 'good'. However, it is much harder to commit to the Beatitudes as a set of core ethical principles.

Dave Andrews of Brisbane has teamed up with the Bible Society to create a great resource for engaging with the wisdom in the Beatitudes. Dave's reading of the Beatitudes is that Jesus intended them to be a core set of ethical principles, and the adoption of these ethical principles was an important aspect of what Jesus meant by 'salvation'. Dave has worked hard on producing a rational and comprehensive theology supporting his view, and also an accessible set of resources that you can find at www.wecan.be. I particularly like Dave's riff on the name: he calls them the 'Be Attitudes', uses the phrase 'Be the change you want to see' (borrowed from Gandhi, I believe) and describes Jesus' intention as 'Plan Be'.

In contrast to Dave Andrew's reading of the Beatitudes is the view that the Beatitudes represent an unattainable ideal, which will only become a reality in an after-life. I don't find the 'unattainable ideal' view convincing. I think that Jesus intended the Kingdom of Heaven to become a reality in our current lives, even if only in an imperfect form. Given that I'm keen to somehow be pro-active in participating in the Kingdom of Heaven in my own life, I'd prefer to take the Beatitudes as the basis for my own ethics - as challenging as that may be.

As a middle-class male in a democratic and capitalist society, the Beatitudes present me with a different set of challenges and hopes than they would have to the peasants and aristocracy of 1st century Judaism. I think our political and economic freedoms are great; however, our reliance on individual consumption and our willingness to have economic losers in order to create more economic winners are challenged by the Beatitudes.

So, the Beatitudes have become an important part of my study and worship in recent times. They are both a comfort and a challenge for me. I think they raise difficult questions for anyone who chooses to engage with them; but those difficult questions are the kind that can really energise our lives.


Matthew 5.1-10

Now when he saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them, saying:

“Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are those who mourn,
for they will be comforted.
Blessed are the meek,
for they will inherit the earth.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness,
for they will be filled.
Blessed are the merciful,
for they will be shown mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heart,
for they will see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers,
for they will be called children of God.
Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”